The London iBus system or officially iBus is an Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)[1] system to improve London's buses using technology installed by Siemens AG.[2] The system tracks all of London's 8000 buses to provide passengers with audio visual announcements,[1] improved information on bus arrivals,[3] and to trigger priority at traffic junctions.[4][5]
Annoucements 115 to east ham central park[]
An iBus screen on a London United Scania OmniCity double decker on route 482.
Upon boarding the bus, for example, route 201 serving Herne Hill, iBus will make the annoucement "201 to Herne Hill" and display this on the visual displays. As the bus approaches the stop, the on-board system will announce and display the bus stop name.[3]
In addition, the bus driver is able to play recorded announcements such as "Please move down inside the bus",[6] "No standing on the upper deck or stairs please", "Seats are available on the upper deck",[7] and "This bus terminates here please take all your personal belongings with you".
Each bus contains a Windows-based computer[8] that has the details of all 19,000 bus stops in London.[8] The system has over 30,000 announcements for 700 bus routes. Emma Hignett, a radio presenter, was given the job to record all of the annoucements used on the iBus system.[9]
Tracking[]
The iBus system aims to provide a better fix on bus locations than the old Selective Vehicle Detection (SVD) system.[4] iBus can locate every bus to an accuracy of about ten metres, or its distance from the nearest stop by around ten seconds.[8] It does this using several instruments:
- Global Positioning System (GPS)[3][4]
- Odometers,[4] including Speedometer[8]
- Turn-rate sensor[8]
- Rate gyro[10]
The essential part of the system relies on GPS satellite data that roughly determine the location of a bus down to 100 metres.[2] Data collected from GPS is passed into a Kalman filter,[10] and other data including velocity[10] and temperature[10] is calculated on the bus and transmitted every 30 seconds via GPRS.[2] With the bus network map, this helps the Central System to make a "best guess" of the bus position and depicts the overall image derived from the data provided by all buses,[2] even in areas with poor GPS reception. The Central System[10] can update the countdown signs as before[10] that now has a more accurate prediction derived from all this data. Knowing the location of the bus, controllers have the means to regulate the service more efficiently,[3] and priority can be given to a bus at traffic lights.[4][5][10]
CentreComm, the 24/7 Emergency Command and Control Centre, is able to track the location of every bus in the fleet and can be shared this information immediately with the emergency services in the event of an emergency or accident.[11]
Other applications[]
Although iBus was rolled out in 2007, it was not until 2011 that the data was made available to other applications, such as text messaging and the internet.
With text messaging, bus users can send a text with the bus stop code to receive realtime bus arrival times for that stop. Visually impaired passengers will be able to use the text-to-speech facility on their mobile phones to get the information too. However, users will have the pay the standard network rate for sending the text, plus a additional 12p charge to receive the response.[12]
On the internet, the latest service information is available using mobile web or the internet.[12]
Countdown signs are signs at bus stops giving users information about when the next bus is due. With iBus, Countdown is able to provide real-time information at 2,500 key bus stops in London. Communications improvements have also meant that Countdown can now display service updates, disruption information and network-wide messages. However, the roll out of the new signs that began in 2011 will not be completed until 2012. iBus was integrated with Countdown by Telent. And the signs were supplied, installed and maintenance by ACIS and Trueform.[12]
Cost[]
The cost of fitting iBus to buses and garages up to 3 January 2009 was £18.8m[13] which was part of a Transport for London (TfL) £117m upgrade to the bus fleet communications system.[14]
Complaints[]
The number of complaints received from bus companies or TfL employees relating to the use of the iBus between 23 January 2008 and 11 February 2009 was 254.[13] Most of these complaints were due to faults in iBus, with the majority stating there were no display data or no annoucements being made. However, there were also complaints associated to incorrect display data and annoucements, thus giving bus users incorrect information of when to get off if they were relying on iBus.[15]
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 iBus | Transport for London. Tfl.gov.uk (2009-04-27). Retrieved on 2010-02-02.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Siemens AG - London. W1.siemens.com. Retrieved on 2010-02-02.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Background | Transport for London. Tfl.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2010-02-02.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/svd-brochure-2006.pdf
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/TfL-bus-signals-priority.pdf
- ↑ Benefits | Transport for London. Tfl.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2010-02-02.
- ↑ http://busesinlondon.co.uk/IBUS.aspx
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 To be added...
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4991326.stm
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 http://www.nlondon.bcs.org/pres/mdjun06.pps
- ↑ http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/technologyandequipment/7203.aspx
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/11560.aspx
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/ibus_technology
- ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/feb/28/research.transport
- ↑ http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/6056/response/21252/attach/html/3/ST%2081289%20Urquhart%20complaints%20in%20full.xls.html