Badgerline

Badgerline was a bus operator in and around Bristol from 1985 until 2003. Its headquarters was in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. Initially a part of the Bristol Omnibus Company, was privatised in 1986 by being sold to Badgerline Holdings, a team of its managers who went on to own a number of bus companies across England and Wales. This was renamed the Badgerline Group in 1993 and was amalgamated with the GRT Group to become the FirstBus Group in 1995.

History
The Bristol Tramways Company started operating buses in 1906 to feed traffic into their tram services from beyond the boundaries of the city of Bristol. In 1910 a branch was opened in Weston-super-Mare where the company's first bus station was opened on the sea front in the 1930s. Others were built after World War II at Wells, Bath and Bristol. The company changed its name to the Bristol Omnibus Company in 1957 as it no longer operated trams, but by then it was owned by the British Transport Commission and so became a subsidiary of the National Bus Company (NBC) in 1969. In the 1980s the NBC split its subsidiaries into smaller operating units. Bristol Omnibus established a separate operating unit for its services outside Bristol in September 1983 and then introduced three distinct brands in April 1985, with operations in Somerset and the Avon outside the city of Bristol becoming known as Badgerline. This name was then established as a company in its own right which was sold to a group of its managers and staff on 23 September 1986. This was only the second bus-operating NBC subsidiary to be sold.

On 31 May 1985 46 Ford Transit minibuses replaced 18 full-size buses at Weston-super-Mare, the first English town network to be totally converted to minibus operation. Most routes operated at a 10-minute headway during the daytime, with routes combining to give 5-minute headways through the town centre. Headways reduced to 20 minutes in the evening and on Sundays. Full-size vehicles were retained in the town for longer distance services. The town's bus station was closed in 1987 when maintenance facilities were transferred to a new depot in Warne Road.

In 1995 Badgerline Buses became a subsidiary of the new FirstBus Group (since renamed FirstGroup). The following year saw Badgerline merged back into Bristol Omnibus which was also a part of FirstBus although Badgerline was retained as a trading name. In July 1997 the Streamline operation in Bath was purchased by First Group and merged with the Badgerline, although the Streamline name was retained for a while. It had started as a taxi company but expanded into minibus services. At the time of takeover it had 20 buses, three of which were full size single deck buses.

Bristol Omnibus was renamed First Bristol Buses in 1999 but Badgerline was managed independently again from 2000. First Somerset & Avon was created on 30 May 2003 to combine the operations of both Badgerline and Southern National and services are now just promoted as First.

Area of operation
Badgerline's headquarters were in Weston-super-Mare. Bus services extended as far as Chippenham, Calne, Gloucester, Salisbury, Taunton and Yeovil but it also operated National Express Coaches to destinations such as London. Vehicles were maintained at four depots: Bath, Bristol, Wells and Weston-super-Mare. The allocations on 1 January 1986 and 30 November 1989 were:

Fleet
The first years of operation saw the delivery of three different models of minibuses, Ford Transits, Sherpas and Ivecos. The first 36 new full-size buses were 12 double deck, 14 single deck and 10 Volvo coaches. These entered service, mainly at Weston-super-Mare, in May 1987. The following year saw the introduction of 24 Optare StarRider midibuses. These were followed by 10 Leyland Olympians for Bath.

Badgerline was operating 342 buses on 1 January 1986 but this had increased to 441 by 30 November 1989.

Liveries and brands
The livery established in 1985 was yellow with a broad diagonal green panel on each side (about a third of the vehicle) sweeping up and forward. The name was in green serif letters, repeating along a white band above the lower deck windows (at roof level on single deck buses) interspersed with a badger logo. Some vehicles carried a white livery with one band each of yellow and green, horizontal along most of the side but up swept at the rear. These were branded for specific services: minibuses were being branded 'Mini Link' and buses with coach seats 'Swift Link', although this brand was soon dropped as it was difficult to always roster branded vehicles to Swift Link routes. Coaches that were not in Roman City, National Express or National Holidays livery were painted white, yellow and green in broad diagonal panels but these sloped backwards, opposite to ordinary buses. Open top vehicles in Bath carried Roman City livery for a while but were then changed to primrose yellow with olive and Brunswick green bands with both Badgerline and Guide Friday logos.

A revised livery was introduced for minibuses in 1991. This was plain green and with a larger badger logo and the company name in yellow serif lettering. Shortly afterwards the larger buses started to appear with the new logo and lettering style on a large green area in the centre of the body, either side of which was a yellow area that was angled up and backwards (opposite to the previous scheme).

FirstBus livery began to appear on Badgerline vehicles in March 1998. In line with company policy this was initially only carried by new vehicles that were built to a high specification. The first of these were Volvo B10BLE low-floor single deck buses with Wright Renown bodies for a new express service between Bristol and Bath.

Badgerline Holdings
In December 1986 six of the company's managers and 90 other staff formed Badgerline Holdings as a limited company to purchase Baderline from NBC. 95% of its capital was held by employees. It went on to buy two travel agencies, Roman City of Bath, and NBC subsidiary National Travelworld. On 7 August 1987 Western National, which operated in Plymouth and Cornwall, was sold by NBC to Plympton Coachlines but 39% (later even more) was owned by Badgerline Holdings.

In April 1988 Badgerline Holdings purchased Midland Red West Holdings, another ex-NBC employee buy-out which had already bought Bristol Omnibus which had continued to operate city services in Bristol. Because of this the company was referred to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission who reported in March 1989 on concerns regarding the ownership by a single company of the two principal bus operators in Avon. Ensuing discussions led to the company giving two undertakings:
 * 1) it would not seek to re-register any services that had been lost
 * 2) tenders for subsidised routes would be done fairly and scrutinised by an auditor.

The company created three subsidiaries in 1987 in an attempt to expand into new operating areas, none of which lasted more than a year. It sold its share in Red Admiral to Southampton Citybus but their operations in Poole and Salisbury lost them £962,000.
 * Badgerline South operated 21 Iveco and 12 Ford Transit minibuses in Salisbury.
 * Badger Vectis operated in Bournemouth and Poole as a joint venture with Southern Vectis uisng 7 Iveco minibuses and 16 single deck buses, mostly Bristol REs.
 * Red Admiral operated in Portsmouth as a joint venture with Southampton Citybus.

The company expanded into South Wales and Essex and then floated on the stock exchange as the Badgerline Group in 1993, followed by acquisition of Potteries Motor Traction and Yorkshire Rider in 1994.

The Badgerline Group was also in passenger train operations through a stake in the Great Western Holdings company that won the Great Western Trains franchise, the second British Rail route to be franchised. Badgerline Group had also unsuccessfully promoted guided buses and articulated buses as solutions to Bristol's transport problems in the 1990s.

The Badgerline Group merged with GRT Group to form FirstBus Group in May 1995. Trevor Smallwood, chairman of Badgerline, was the chairman of FirstBus for the next four years. Badgerline Group contributed 4,000 buses to the new company's fleet of 5,600. The operating subsidiaries transferred to FirstBus were:
 * Bee-Line
 * Badgerline Buses
 * Bristol Omnibus Company (trading as City Line)
 * Eastern National
 * Frontline Enterprises
 * Great Western Trains
 * Midland Red West (including Midland Red Coaches)
 * Potteries Motor Traction (including Pennine Blue, Red Rider and Crosville)
 * South Wales Transport
 * Thamesway Buses
 * Wessex Coaches
 * Western National
 * Yorkshire Rider